Suppose you are an animal.well，actually，you are an animal，but suppose you ' re another kind of animal，Maybe something small that额，你本来只是一只动物。但是假设你是另一种动物。可能是可以作为肉食动物美味甜点的小动物。

(大卫亚设，Northern Exposure(美国电视)，食物)如果有一天你一个人散步的时候看到一只大狗，你会怎么办？Well，depending on what kind of animal you are，you have different options . A skunk can spray A noxious liquid that will repel predators A cat.臭鼬可以释放毒液打败捕食者。猫可以把头发倒立起来，让它看起来更大一整天。

还有像负鼠这样的动物。可能已经躲起来躺在地上了。(大卫亚设，Northern Exposure(美国电视剧)，动物名言)There ' s another strategy all these animals have，though.you've seen it beforewhen a squirrel or a rabbit or a chip munk freezes，It can remain almost entirely motionless for minutes at a time . try It your self . whatever position你自己试试吧。

不管你现在是什么姿势，下一分钟内继续移动。这没那么简单！the reason an ability to freeze works as a defense is that a predator ' s attack behavior may actually be triggered by motion . a frog，for exxex Will实效可以作为防御的手段，因为食肉动物的攻击行为只能由运动引起。例如，一只青蛙在杀死苍蝇的箱子里活着，不会冻死。

用一条线把其中一只绑在一起穿过眼前，它不会不假思索地吞下苍蝇。the response to freeze is completely hard-wired，So freezing shows us something about both predator and prey . evolution has caused the freed因为对实效的反应是动物天生的，所以实效表现出捕食者和被捕食者的特性。

进化适应了捕食者视觉系统的工作方式，因此产生了实效战略。

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